The Role of HPV in Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection.
Nearly all sexually active people will contract HPV at some point in their lives.
Important Facts:
- Most infections are asymptomatic and cleared by the immune system
- Persistent high-risk HPV infections in the cervix can lead to:
- Abnormal cell changes
- Development of cervical cancer if left untreated
Regular Screening for Early Detection
Women can screen for cervical cancer by either:
- HPV PCR test – Detects the genetic material of the virus
- Pap smear – Examines cervical cells for abnormalities
Why Choose HPV PCR?
- More sensitive than a Pap smear
- Longer screening intervals if negative
- Self-collection is possible using a vaginal swab
- Less invasive and more convenient than traditional testing
Who Should Consider HPV Self-Collection?
Recommended for:
- All women from 25 years of age
- Both HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals
Who Should NOT Use Self-Collection?
HPV self-collection is not suitable for:
- Women with genital symptoms (bleeding, pain, or discharge)
- Women with a history of cervical pre-cancer or cancer
- Women who have had a hysterectomy
- Women who are pregnant or up to 6 weeks postpartum
Why This Matters in South Africa
- Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer among South African women
- Regular screening allows early detection and timely treatment
- Early detection saves lives
What Do My Test Results Mean?
HPV PCR = Negative
- No high-risk HPV detected
- Next screening recommended in 5 years
- Continue to follow your doctor’s advice
HPV PCR = Positive
- You have an HPV infection
- This does NOT mean you have cervical cancer
- Further testing is needed
- Your doctor will assess your HPV type, age, and HIV status to guide next steps
Discuss with your healthcare provider when to stop screening, based on your age, lab history, and risk profile
Where Can I Get a Self-Collection Kit?
- Available at Ampath Care Centres nationwide
- Also available at participating pharmacies
Get Your Results on the Ampath App
- Results available within 2 working days
Consult a medical practitioner of your choice for interpretation and further management.
Screening Summary
If HPV PCR is Negative:
- All women over 25:
- No action needed
- Re-screen in 5 years
If HPV PCR is Positive:
- Consult your doctor for further testing and management
Reference:
Botha, M.H., et al. “Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines for South Africa.” African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1.1 (2023): 27–31.